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The Spanish Grammar, by Miguel
Grammar
New Edition

  Pronounciation
  Spelling
  Determinant-Article
  The Nouns
  The Adjectives
  Adjective-Comparison
  Adjective-Demonstrative
  Adjective-Distributive
  Adjective-Quantitative
  Adjectives-Interrogative
  Adjective-Possessive
  Adjective-Origin
  Adjective-Numeral
  The Time
  The Date
  The Pronouns
  Direct/Indirect Pronouns
  Demonstrative Pronouns
  Relative Pronous
  Reflexive pronouns
  Possessive Pronouns
  The Adverbs
  Degree of Adverbs
  Adverbials
  Prepositions
  Conjunctions
  Interjections
  Regular Verbs
  Irregular Verbs
  Stem-Changing Verbs
  The Progressive


0:d1

Both direct and indirect object pronouns are the same except for the third person singular and plural forms.


Direct object pronouns:


cuadro27   
memenosus
teyouosyou all
lo him,itlos them
la her,itlas them


Indirect object pronouns:


cuadro28   
me from/to menosus
tefrom/to youosfrom/to you all
le from/to him, her, youles from/to them, you


Direct object pronouns are used in place of nouns that directly receive the action of the verb.

Direct pronouns answer the questions ¿qué? and ¿quién? (what? and who?), while indirect ones answer the question ¿a quién? (for whom? and to whom?).

Indirect object pronouns always refer to people and are used when the action of the verb is directed to or from the person or persons. Since the indirect object pronoun le can refer to him, her, or you, Spanish often clarifies such a sentence by the addition of a + the appropriate prepositional form.

Direct pronoun lo can also refer to actions, situations or ideas in general. In such a case it expresses English it or that.


Placement (one pronoun):

(After no) and before conjugated verb:

Yo no le he escrito./I have not written to him (her, you).
Luis les habla (a ellos)./Luis speaks to them.

After and attached to an infinitive:

Le tengo que escribir/Tengo que escribirle./I have to write him.

After and attached to an affirmative command:

Pongalo ahí./Put it there.
No lo ponga ahí./Don't put it there.

After and attached to a present participle:

Lo estaremos comiendo toda la semana. Estaremos comiéndolo toda la semana.
We will be eating it all week.


Placement (two pronouns):

When there are both direct and indirect pronouns, the order is Indirect/Direct and nothing between them.

Pablo me da el dinero - [me = a mí] [el dinero = lo] / Pablo gives the money to me.
Pablo me lo da./Pablo gives it to me.

Ella nos está comprando unos regalos. - [nos = a nosotros] [unos regalos = los]
Ella nos los está comprando./She is buying them for me.
Ella está comprándonoslos.

If there is a direct pronoun after the indirect le/les becames se.

Pedro le escribe una carta a su hermana. [una carta = la] [a su hermana = le]
Pedro le escribe una carta./Pedro writes a letter to her.
Pedro se la escribe. (le is changed by se)./Pedro writes it to her.

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